Fire Extinguisher Basics

Fire extinguishers can help put out a small fire before it grows, but only when they are used safely and you have a clear way to escape. When in doubt, get out and call 911.

Types of Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguishers are labeled based on the types of fires they are designed to fight:

• Class A: Ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper and cloth.
• Class B: Flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil and paint.
• Class C: Energized electrical equipment.
• Class D: Combustible metals, typically found in industrial settings.
• Class K: Cooking oils and grease, commonly found in commercial kitchens.

Many extinguishers intended for homes and general use are multipurpose ABC extinguishers, meaning they can be used on Class A, B and C fires.

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher: PASS

Remember the PASS method:

• P – Pull the pin.
• A – Aim low at the base of the fire.
• S – Squeeze the handle.
• S – Sweep the nozzle from side to side.

When to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Only attempt to use a fire extinguisher when:

• The fire is small and contained.
• You have the correct type of extinguisher.
• You have a clear escape route behind you.
• The area is not filling with smoke.
• You feel confident and safe using the extinguisher.

Never put yourself at risk to fight a fire. If the fire is spreading, producing heavy smoke or you are unsure whether you can safely extinguish it, evacuate immediately and call 911 from a safe location.

Where to Keep Fire Extinguishers

Keep extinguishers in locations where they are easy to see and reach, including:

• In or near the kitchen, but away from the stove or other cooking appliances.
• In the garage or workshop.
• Near an exit so you can keep a clear escape route while using it.
• In commercial buildings as required by applicable fire codes.

Make sure everyone in your household knows where extinguishers are located and how to use them.

Inspection & Maintenance

Regularly check your fire extinguisher to make sure it is ready for use:

• Check the pressure gauge regularly and make sure the needle is in the recommended operating range.
• Make sure the safety pin is in place and the tamper seal is intact.
• Check for visible damage, corrosion, leakage or a clogged nozzle.
• Follow the manufacturer's instructions for inspection, maintenance and replacement.
• Recharge or replace the extinguisher after any use, even if only a small amount was discharged.

Always follow the instructions provided on your specific fire extinguisher, as operation and maintenance requirements may vary by manufacturer.